Observe Children in the Zoo - 1070 Words

Jaklin Masoudi CADV 350 Prof David Wakefield Case Study Assignment I went to the LA Zoo with my nieces Jasmine and Jessica last week. They are 6 and 4 years old and it was a very interesting trip for them and we saw many children who came and visited the zoo. We saw different animals in the zoo and I explained for them: This is an elephant. They are very big animals and have a long memory, and a very long nose called a trunk. They make trumpet sound Or This is the lion. It is the king of the jungle and goes ROARRR! This is a monkey. They spend a lot of time up in trees and like to eat fruits. This one has a banana. And this is the giraffe. It has a very long neck to reach the tender leaves up high on a tree. They are very tall and†¦show more content†¦I know that my nieces love being able to see the animals for the size, be able to learn from the keepers about the animal’s behavior, and learn about the exercise that is available. The psychological theorist who will be used in this paper is Jean Piaget and his theory of cognitive development will be used as a guide to evaluate the psychological development of the child. Piaget’s cognitive development theory involved the idea that as the brain grows; it matures through environmental input (Tucker, 2008). The different stages of development in Piaget’s Cognitive Development model are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations. Sensorimotor stage describes the stage in a child’s life when he/she begins to recognize a cause and effect relationship between their motor coordination and the environment and this is usually between birth and 2 years of age. The preoperational stage child is able to perform symbolic functioning such as make-believe play behavior. Adolescents, of 7-11 years of age, are in the concrete operations stage in which they progress to logical and hypothetical thought processes that are action ori ented. Young adults of 11-15 years of age are in the formal operations stage where they proceed to true logical thinking and have a capacity for abstract thought as well.Show MoreRelated Serving the Public and the Animals Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagesof us have fond memories of going to the zoo. We were entertained by the variety of animals that we were not able to see on a regular basis. Visitors of a zoo get to see exotic, and local animals of that area. Going to a zoo gives children and adults a chance to learn about different animals. Certain zoos also promote the conservation of endangered species. To people of all ages, zoos are just plain fun. This essay will support the operation of zoos based on their entertainment and educationalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Ethnography Of Los Angeles Zoo1259 Words   |  6 PagesPessin ENGL113A Mar 11, 2015 Life in Los Angele Zoo Last weekend, I began researching the ethnography of Los Angeles Zoo and observed the humans and animals interacting. Los Angeles Zoo includes Botanical Garden which has many entertainment activities for visitors. It also offers many shows, such as Angela Collier World of Birds Theater and Elephant Training Demonstration. Los Angeles Zoo has decent selection of animals anyone can enjoy seeing them. The zoo lies on the north of Los Angeles. It is nextRead MoreShould Zoos Be A Zoo?1260 Words   |  6 Pagesspecies inspired a population of entrepreneurs to capture and display the animals at a cost, which caused the establishment well known as a zoo. Zoos house rare and exotic animals that attract various crowds, from groups of families to busloads of rowdy children on a field trip for amusement and educational purposes. Although zoos contain rare animals, finding a zoo is nowhere near rare. In fact, the polar opposite. These amusement parks are located in urban and rural areas across America and aroundRead MoreIs There It Acceptable?1214 Words   |  5 PagesIs it Acceptable? Some people may go to the Zoo expecting a pleasant experience but leave questioning whether or not the captivity of animals is morally acceptable in the first place. They have not been the only ones. Many people take into consideration what happens to the animals while in confinement. Placing and keeping animals in cages can deprive the animals of their most basic needs. I disagree with the way animals can be treated in Zoos because it violates their freedom and it fails to meetRead MoreZoos Are A Better For Animals976 Words   |  4 PagesZoos date back to centuries ago. In the beginning, they were used to scientifically study the habits and behaviors of animals. Since then, zoos have changed. Zoos are now not only used for education, but for modern entertainment. Children love going to the zoo but as people are starting to get older, they are seeing going to the zoo in different perspectives. There a lots of questions pertaining to whether or not Zoos doing any good for animals. People may also argue and say that zoos are good forRead MoreUnited Nations Environment Programme ( Unep ) Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesspecies inspired a population of entrepreneurs to capture and display the animals at a cost, which caused the establishment well known as a zoo. Zoos house rare and exotic animals that attract various crowds, from groups of families to busloads of rowdy children on a field trip for amusement and educational purposes. Although zoos contain rare animals, finding a zoo is nowhere near rare. In fact, the polar opposite. These amusement parks are located in urban and rural areas across America and aroundRead MoreThe Opportunity For Travel Anytime Of The Year1052 Words   |  5 Pages The opportunity to travel anytime of the year is one of the best benefits about homeschooling. In addition, homeschoolers can participate on field trip or just bring their books to the beach or park and study as they observe nature. Field trips are an effective educational tool, which could be even more rewarding than a formal educational setting. A text should be used as a reference onlyRead MoreThe s Wife By Diane Ackerman Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters in the book are Antonina, the wife and mother, Jan, the husband, and Rys, the couple’s son. The Nazi’s invaded Poland, and took over the Jan and Antonina’s zoo. Throughout the whole novel, Jan and Antonina Zabinski play an active role in the underground network of both hiding Jews and taking care of animals within their Zoo. The main character, Antonina, finds herself managing various relationships during the novel, she’s a zookeeper, a wife, and a mother as well. Throughout the course ofRead MoreZoos And Conservation For Animals1574 Words   |  7 Pagesour world. However, is keeping wild animals in captivity really the best way to take care of them? A zoo or aquarium is an establishment that maintains a collection of wild animals, in enclosures, to display to the public. The American public loves to visit zoos and aquariums because t hey believe it’s educational and they’ll be able to see animals from a variety of continents. The concepts of zoos and aquariums have been around for centuries and the standard of care for animals has certainly improvedRead MoreThe Real Effects Of Zoos On Animal And Human Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I was a little girl, I was always eager to have a day out to the zoo where I could get up close with hundreds of beautiful animals. I heard many interesting stories of animal life and how hard they have to fight in wild life to survive. Zoo, under my eyes, was a wonderful land where animals were rescued and taken care off in a safe beautiful place. It was much more fun when I figured out animal could do many interesting things as human did as monkey could drive bicycle, and dolphin can dance

Apes Air Pollution Vocabulary Free Essays

Chapter 17 Vocab * Acid deposition- the settling of acidic or acid-forming pollutants from the atmosphere onto Earth’s surface. * Acid rain- Acid deposition that takes place through rain. * Aerosols- very fine liquid droplets or solid particles aloft in the atmosphere. We will write a custom essay sample on Apes Air Pollution Vocabulary or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Air pollutant- gases and particulate material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate or harm people or other organisms. * Air pollution- the act of pollution the air, or the condition of being polluted by air pollutants. Ambient air pollution- see outdoor pollution * Atmospheric pressure- the weight per unit area produced by a column of air * Carbon monoxide- a colorless, odorless gas produced primarily by the incomplete combustion of fuel. * CFC’s- chlorofluorocarbon. One of a group of human-made organic compounds derived from simple hydrocarbons in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine, bromine, fluorine. Clean Air Act of 1970- revision of prior congressional legislation to control air pollution that set stricter standards for air quality, imposed limits on emissions from new stationary and mobile sources, provided new funds for pollution-control research and enabled citizens to sue parties violating the standards. * Clean Air Act of 1990- congressional l egislation that strengthened regulations pertaining to air quality standards, auto emissions, toxic air pollution, acid deposition, and depletion of the ozone layer, while also introducing market-based incentives to reduce pollution. Cold front- the boundary where a mass of cold air displaces a mass of warmer air. * Convective circulation- a circular current driven by temperature differences * Coriolis effect-The observed effect of the Coriolis force, especially the deflection of an object moving above the earth, rightward in the northern hemisphere and leftward in the southern hemisphere. Criteria pollutant- six air pollutants- carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, and lead- for which the Environmental Protection Agency has established maximum allowable concentrations in ambient outdoor air because of the threats they pose to human health. * Ferrel cell-An atmospheric cell lying between the two thermally direct cells: the Polar c ell and the Hadley cell. It transfers warm air to high latitudes and shifts cold air back to the subtropics, where it is warmed. Front- the boundary between air masses that differ in temperature and moisture. * Ground level ozone- see tropospheric ozone. * Hadley cell- A large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes. * Halocarbons- A chlorofluorocarbon or other compound in which the hydrogen of a hydrocarbon is replaced by halogens. * Inversion layer- in a temperature inversion, the band of air in which temperature rises with altitude. Montreal Protocol- he Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. It is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. * Nitrogen dioxide- a foul-smelling reddish brown gas that contrib utes to smog and acid deposition. * Outdoor pollution-air pollution that occurs outdoors Ozone depleting substances- airborne chemicals that destroy ozone molecules and thin the ozone layer * Ozone hole- thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica. * Ozone layer- a portion of the stratosphere that contains most of the ozone * Particulate matter- solid or liquid particles small enough to be suspended in the atmosphere and able to damage respiratory tissues when inhaled. * Photochemical smog- air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust. Polar cell- one of a pair of cells of convective circulation. * Primary pollutant- directly harmful * Relative humidity-the ratio of the water vapor contained in a given volume of air to the maximum amount the air could contain for a given temperature * Residence time- in a biogeochemical cycle, the amount of time a nutr ient remains in a given pool or reservoir before moving to another * Secondary pollutant- added to the atmosphere Sick building syndrome- a building-related illness produced by indoor pollution in which the specific cause is not identifiable. * Stratosphere- the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere * Temperature inversion- an abnormal increase in temperature with height in the troposphere * Troposphere- the bottommost layer of the atmosphere * VOCs- volatile organic compound How to cite Apes Air Pollution Vocabulary, Papers

Civil Engineer free essay sample

Civil engineer is a very important career in our lives. This career is the one that organizes the cities. Civil Engineers are responsible to do constructions such as bridges, roads, streets, drainage, and all the constructions that keep us communicated and living totally comfortable, being a civil engineer brings you a very huge and important responsibility because all the work that you will do is for the society. In the field of civil engineering there are a series of major specialties. One is Structural Engineering in this range the civil engineers are the designers of structures such as, bridges, buildings, parks, rides. These engineers work with concrete, steel and many other materials to do the structure. Another one is Environmental Engineering, inside this specialty the engineers are in charge to provide clean drinking water, clean the sites with hazard materials, and clean, purify or eliminate all the toxic substances. Without doubt this specialty is one of the most important for us without them the world will be a whole mess. At Almuftah Contracting Company, we believe that construction is more than just creating a built environment. It is also about building structures that inspire wonder, creating spaces that help people thrive, and it is also about engineering Qatar’s future one project at a time. Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable – to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs? Our Common Future (The 1987 Report of the UN World Commission on Environment and Development, commonly known as The Brundtland Report) Civil engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the progressive well-being of humanity in creating, improving, and protecting the environment, in providing facilities for community living, industry and transportation, and in providing structures for the use of humanity. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1961 Civil engineering is the second oldest branch of engineering, and was formed to distinguish it from military engineering. It deals with the planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance and research of fixed structures and infrastructures such as buildings, highways, and airports, and with solutions to problems involving traffic, water supply, sewer, flood control, and the environment. There are several areas in civil engineering: structural, construction, geotechnical, traffic, water resources, and urban planning. Civil engineering can be easily considered the most liberal of all engineering disciples, as it has a deep rooted history in the arts, especially where design is concerned, because it is by building that history of civilizations can be told; it has the responsiblilty of advancing civilization and improving the quality of life. The vast changes that the world is undergoing

The dreamer free essay sample

Mother – Son Relationship In Flannery O’Connor’s story â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge,† he demonstrates the conflicting relationship between Julian and his mother. This conflicting relationship is caused by their contradicting views on not only racism, but also superficiality because Julian’s mother thinks society should be racially segregated and Julian believes in equality of people no matter their race. Julian’s mother thinks the way she looks will make her a better person. Julian, on the other hand, thinks this superficiality simply does not matter. she relies on custom and tradition for her moral sensibility, claiming that â€Å"how you do things is because of who you are. † She is also fiercely loyal to those whom she identifies as part of her proud tradition, especially her son. Julian’s mother may also represent the typical woman who, due to the actual environment and social change, follows the belief systems of segregation. We will write a custom essay sample on The dreamer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is a widow mother who â€Å"had struggled fiercely to feed and clothe and put him through school and who was supporting him still, ‘until he got in his feet. Her attitudes as a mother seem to be like those of any other mother who loves her son and struggles to give him what he deserves. However, this attitude is also comprised with her conservative ways which is her belief that society should racially segregated. On the other hand, In Junot Diaz’s memoir â€Å"The Dreamer† Diaz emphasizes about the struggles his mother faced as a young woman. The mother son relationship between Diaz and his mother is an interesting relationship because he considers his mother to be an inspiration and determination to fulfill her dreams. Although she didn’t become what she dreamed for, she was able to help his son become a good writer.

Brainstorms, Turning to Showers

Brainstorms, Turning to Showers Brainstorms, Turning to Showers Brainstorms, Turning to Showers By Maeve Maddox Until recently I associated only two meanings with the word brainstorm: 1. noun: a brilliant idea. Ex. Hey, guys, I just had a brainstorm! Lets go to the movies. 2, verb: to generate a lot of ideas in a short time. Ex. Before deciding on an essay topic, take the time to brainstorm. According the the Wikipedia, brainstorming is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution of a problem. The method was first popularized in the late 1930s by Alex Faickney Osborn in a book called Applied Imagination. Osborn proposed that groups could double their creative output with brainstorming. Heres what it says in the OED brain-storm, (a) ‘a succession of sudden and severe phenomena, due to some cerebral disturbance’ (Gould 1894); (b) U.S. colloq. = brain-wave (c); (c) U.S., a concerted ‘attack’ on a problem, usu. by amassing a number of spontaneous ideas which are then discussed; also attrib.; so as v., to make such an attack; hence brain-storming vbl. n. and ppl. Apparently some sensitive civil servants in Britain think the expression brainstorm is potentially offensive to people who have epilepsy or some other medical condition that affects the brain. They recommend that we adopt some other figure of speech, such as word storm, thought shower or ideas shower. . . .staff at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) in Belfast will use the term thought-showers when they get together to think creatively. A spokeswoman said: The DETI does not use the term brainstorming on its training courses on the grounds that it may be deemed pejorative. The Guardian A spokesman for Tunbridge Wells Borough Council in Kent said: We take diversity awareness very seriously. The majority of staff have taken part in training and been asked to use the term thought showers. The Telegraph It seems that people who actually have the condition of epilepsy arent much bothered by the popular use of brainstorm to mean to generate ideas. The Epilepsy Foundation of Los Angeles named a recent conference The Epilepsy Brainstorm Summit. Gemma Baxter from the National Society for Epilepsy in the U.K. said her organization contacted people with epilepsy in the community and the overwhelming response was that brainstorming implies no offence to people with epilepsy, and that any implication that the word is offensive to people with the condition is taking political correctness too far. quoted in Free Republic Tricia Ward and Sam Delaney have something to say about this well-meaning pre-emptive effort of the language police to spare the feelings of people whose feelings are unknown to them: Tricia Ward Sam Delaney (Update: Article no longer online) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Apostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

3 Ways To Increase the Pressure of a Gas

3 Ways To Increase the Pressure of a Gas One common science homework question is to list 3 ways to increase the  pressure of a gas container or a balloon. This is an excellent question because answering it helps you understand what pressure is and how gases behave. What Is Pressure? Pressure is the amount of force exerted over a unit of area. P F/A Pressure Force divided by Area As you can see from looking at the equation, two ways to increase pressure are to increase the amount of force or decrease the area over which it is exerted. How exactly do you do that? Thats where the Ideal Gas Law comes into play. Pressure and the Ideal Gas Law At low (ordinary) pressures, real gases behave like ideal gases, so you can use the Ideal Gas Law to determine how to increase the pressure of a system. The Ideal Gas Law states: PV nRT Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of a gas, R is Boltzmanns constant, and T is temperature If we solve for P: P (nRT)/V Three Ways to Increase the Pressure of a Gas Increase the amount of gas. This is represented by the n in the equation. Adding more molecules of a gas increases the number of collisions between the molecules and the walls of the container. This raises pressure.Increase the temperature of the gas. This is represented by T in the equation. Increasing temperature adds energy to the gas molecules, increasing their motion and, again, increasing collisions.Decrease the volume of the gas. This is the V in the equation. By their very nature, gases can be compressed, so if the same gas can be put into a smaller container, it will exert a higher pressure. The gas molecules will be forced closer to each other, increasing collisions (force) and pressure.

Building Successful Brand of Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building Successful Brand of Toyota - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Toyota recognizes the difference between product marketing alone and actual investment in the creation of a company brand. Indeed, Toyota seems to understand and appreciate the value of forming a corporate framework that facilitates the consumer’s preference for its products. As noted, the company faces fierce competition from other brands for the global market, which has meant that Toyota needed to reposition itself using contemporary means to stay ahead of the competition, at which they succeeded. Toyota Motors is responsible for total quality management or TQM, receiving numerous awards for quality management, such as the Japan Quality Control Award and the Deming Application Prize. The TQM strategy at Toyota is based on the Kaizen or customer first concept that stands for continuous improvement, as well as total participation that refers to input and involvement of all its workers. The Creative Idea Suggestion System, for example, seeks to encou rage and support employees in contributing effectively to quality development at the company. The Toyota’s production System has also resulted in quality improvement for work and products. In addition, the Toyota Way, established in 2001, is composed of continuous improvement, also referred to as Kaizen, which strives eliminate overproduction and waste, as well as to allow employees to suggest appropriate changes. Other techniques under Kaizen include eliminating employee fears to report issues, eliminating mistakes through a root cause analysis, eliminating transport and mistakes, creating a satisfying relationship with customers, and using mathematical and intellectual rationalization to create long-term solutions. Integrated marketing communications have been defined as a planning process that is designed to make sure that the customer receives brand contacts for a service, product, or organization that relevant and consistent over time to that customer.

Director of digital strategy for a leading UK estate agency chain Essay

Director of digital strategy for a leading UK estate agency chain - Essay Example This report highlights the tangible characteristics of viral, affiliate and search engine marketing strategies, ultimately selecting one viable marketing strategy to enhance sales volumes and brand visibility of the estate agency chain. In 2007, web-based advertising of properties increased 70 percent from 2004 (Key Note Media 2010). This means that it is becoming common practice for estate agents to utilise the Internet as a means of expanding their brand presence and effectively promoting a variety of properties in this industry. Coupled with this dramatic increase, a recent survey indicated that 57.7 percent of consumers would actively search the Internet as an option when desiring to move into a new home (Key Note Media 2010). Furthermore, in 2010, the volume of consumers sustaining Internet access in the United Kingdom was listed at over 44 million (Digital Age 2012). This represents approximately 70 percent of the entire United Kingdom population (ONS 2012). Because of this dynamic and high volume usage of Internet technologies by many demographics, viral marketing represents a significant opportunity for improving the market position of this leading estate agency. Viral marketing is defined as an amalgamation of marketing tactics that utilise existing social networks and related Internet technologies to achieve specific marketing objectives or increase brand awareness (Boone and Kurtz 2007). It is a strategy that attempts to promote growth in word-of-mouth by passing on a well-developed marketing message that proliferates itself much like a virus to encourage social circulation of a marketing message or organization (NCTU 2011). Viral marketing provides opportunities to create thrill in consumer markets, or buzz, that facilitates positive gossip in desired market groups about the viral content observed or otherwise engaged with on the Internet. Viral marketing efforts generally utilise video clips, images, integrated marketing

Air pollution in large modern cities Essay Example for Free

Air pollution in large modern cities Essay Pollution can be referred to as the scourge of the 21st century. Its effects are felt by the whole world both in the developed and developing countries. The greatest contributor to air pollution is emissions from cars that use fossil fuels. One way of ensuring that motor vehicles reduce the impact of air pollution, is the use of cars that draw on clean fuels for instance bio diesel and ethanol or by use of electric cars. Another way is by use of public transport. Public transport can reduce tremendously the amount of air pollution emitted when people drive in their personal vehicles. In this discussion, I’ll highlight the advantages that come with the use of public transport over personal means in relation to air pollution (David. 2010). Most of the personal cars used in our roads are not fuel efficient. Therefore they contributed greatly to pollution through exhaust emissions. To reduce this, there is need to trim down the number of private cars in our roads. Driving personal cars to work is a mistake that has both health and economic consequences for all the people living in this planet. It has been found out that the greatest contribution an average citizen can make towards air pollution is by driving a car. Thus by use of public transport, the overall air pollution emanating from the many personal vehicles can be reduced when the same number of people use public means (David. 2010). Therefore driving less can contribute positively towards reduced global pollution. In order to achieve this, there is need to improve the public transport in major cities around the world. For instance, introduction of electric trains as a public means can effectively reduce air pollution. This means is fast and environmental friendly and should be adopted by all governments as a measure to curb air pollution from personal vehicles. If implemented, it can act as an incentive towards more people using public transport as a means of commuting (David. 2010). In conclusion, the use of public means of transport is the more immediate solution to the problem of air pollution. But this should be accompanied by efficient modes of public transport. For instance, introduction of electric trains as a means of transport in many countries can greatly reduce pollution. Other modes that are pollutant free should be encouraged as much as possible to minimize air pollution from burning fuels. Car pooling can also be utilized and encouraged through giving priority to car pools. List of reference: David, D. Kemp. (2010). Exploring environmental issues: an integrated approach. New York: SAGE.

Dubious Heros in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Questionable Heros in Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Julius Caesar, a play written by William Shakespeare, had many characters who could have been questioned in terms of their motives and will.   Some may have had good intentions, but others were not motivated by their concern for the well-being of the Romans.   The aim of this paper is to take a look at why the main people in this tragedy did what they did.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Julius Caesar, the center of the big ordeal, is the first logical person to take a look at.   When he first arrives, he is hailed as a great man and offered the crown numerous times, refusing it each time.  Ã‚   He is clearly the hero of the people for that time.   The question of his heroism comes when his previous actions are looked upon.   He has just returned from killing Pompey and Pompey's sons.   He did this to gain complete control of Rome instead of sticking with the triumvirate that had currently ruled.   He was ambitious, or so it was said, and he wanted only power.   This alone shows that his motives were not as pure as was first thought.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next person to be looked upon in Mark Antony, apparently Julius Caesar's right-hand man.   He plays the part of the hero as he takes Caesar's side after death and rallies the people against the conspirators.   As he speaks to Octavius, though, he shows that he is mainly after the power also in saying that the third person of their new triumvirate, Lepidus, is not a worthy adversary and is only good enough to carry messages.   Antony goes on to say that they should have him (Lepidus) killed, along with all the other people they were making a list of.   He was going to have them eliminated just because they might stand in their way to gaining complete power.   He also ordered to have figured a way to cut some of the money out of the will to the people and keep it for himself.   His intentions weren't so good after all.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cassius, the apparent originator of the conspiracy in the first place, is at first hard to figure out if he would take action in good will or in greed

European wars of religion Essay

The 14th century was an era of great crisis for Europe; disorder in the Catholic Church rattled people’s faith in authorities and religion. In this dark period, Europeans desired a new start, or in other words a cultural rebirth. This cultural rebirth was named † The Renaissance† which gives meaning in French â€Å"rebirth† The people who gave this name also thought there was a clear distinction between Dark Ages and their century. They coined the terms â€Å"modern† and â€Å"ancient† and saw Middle Ages as a long break from enlightenment. In addition to that, according to the City University of New York at Brooklyn, â€Å"immense hunger for learning about classical antiquity was reborn† after the Middle Ages.* During the Middle Ages, there was a mentality that individuals should devote their lives to the church above everything. In that time education was exclusively based on religion. Many scholars were fixated on the idea that faith was more important than mind and reasoning. This situation changed when Renaissance thinkers split from medieval tradition and emphasized individual experience and materialistic approach to life instead of religious duties. This philosophy emerged due to Italians exploration and revision of the ancient Roman and Greek texts and scriptures partly because they were surrounded by the remnants of Roman Empire and they have noticed the disastrous place Western culture has landed on. They greatly expanded the ancient works and innovated new ideas. Intellectual people such as writers, sculptors, architects were valued in the society, unlike Middle Age times. There was now a new worldview called humanism which valued human beings and brought attention to the human ma gnificence in both physical and mental areas. Humanism also brought increased enthusiasm in exploring things and quest of knowledge. Renaissance intellectuals at the time were in awe of these fresh ideas. Almost every institution saw great changes and secular arrangements. Education saw improvements. Pupils were now separated by their age and skills. Art now was interested in human proportions and realistic aspects. There was still some religious paintings but Renaissance artist mostly drew from and inspired by real life. With printing press’s invention by Johannes Gutenberg allowed for far-reaching access to important secular books and literature and most importantly Bible. It became normal for common people to read and think in their own language. This meant vernacular-meaning their mother tongue- literature aided with the spread of humanistic ideas beyond intellectuals of the time. Writers like Petrarch and Dante wrote in Italian and believed everyone should be able to read in their languages. Scientists also began to value observation over religious teachings and viewed everything with skepticism. They examined their theories by evidence. Even sometimes some scientists like Galileo Galilei gathered enough courage to speak out against the Church. But Renaissance didn’t exclusively mean separation from religion altogether, rather abandoning old Middle Age values and bringing new insights to the human perception of life, art, and everything. Rhetoric was born as a consequence of this. Renaissance was possible thanks to the recovery of Roman and Greek literature by scholars of that time. Latin was also used that time but it was more academic and monkish. Upon revisiting Latin texts in a more secular view people began to shift their consciousness and appreciate ancient culture. They thought they were alike in a worldly sense. They believed they had the same delicacy over important matters and they both believed in the humanities power to tackle everything. Then they started to study Greek which inspired Romans. The Greek manuscripts were present in Italy because during the fall of Constantinople many Christian scholars fled to Rome. They brought tales of Homer and many other important books. This spur philosophical inquiries. These maniscruptures made people start thinking about virtues of the human soul. They were also interested in the usage of language its effects itself. Historian Bruni once said â€Å"knowledge alone is not enough, we must add the power of exp ression to make effectual use of what we know† implying rhetoric. Ancient writings had the other function too. They offered practical teachings about life. They consisted of not theological but moral grounds with given answers secular in nature. This was at its most basic, a belief in the identity of the human spirit under its all epiphanies. They found that in classical texts there existed an ideal of human life, both moral and intellectual, by which they can profit now. During the Renaissance period, people’s views on mankind changed drastically. Before this era scholars were generally speaking with a single voice praising a similar human type which was frail, poor, withdrawn from life, quiet and needy. With Renaissance, the focus on God and religion as the main character shifted to human himself. During this era, art showed people as god-like creatures who were in their perfect shape. This made people feel graceful and beautiful in a sense that made them proud of themselves. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci’s painting Mona Lisa was done to portray the human beauty and inner mystery in realistic ways. There was also inclination for wealth accumulation and striving for better living conditions. Involvement with everyday life and taking care of themselves was becoming the norm. Public duties for common men were often overlooked and praising of extraordinary men with dreamable qualities was taking place. The goal was the manifestation of hu mans unique powers and showing their ability to steer their circumstances using willpower. Their destiny was not up to some higher being rather people with their own being paving their way to achieving the maximum of everything they get their hands on. Individuality was welcomed and people realized they were different on the inside than everyone else and made sense of themselves in the universe and complicated social structures. This obsession with humans can be even seen in almost every art branch of the time. Instead of focusing on traditional illustrations of religious symbols, artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo painted the human frame in every depth possible. With the help of anatomy, they tried to illustrate perfect detail, scale, and dimension. Also to improve upon their realistic values they relied heavily on depth and texture.* Space in their paintings was used to indicate a moving and vivid world with real human beings living ground. They used earthly, meaning tangible, objects to portray a realistic background. While earlier paintings had been 2d objects against white backgrounds and combined many scenes in one painting, Renaissance paintings focused on one particular scene or moment in time in a 3d realistic view like some scenery was localized and frozen in particular time and place. This enabled viewer to enter that artwork. Painters of the Renaissance researched perspective and cre ating the illusion of a three-dimensional area. Art was objectified so every human looking at it can perceive some unchangeable truths about it. It was solidified for the sake of realistic proportions. Artworks represented human as not symbolic or imitation of one another but with their distinct personalities. Architecture and design of most of the constructions had symmetry and ratio to it now. Buildings were built in regarding their luxury and accessibility to aid human use and show off human greatness. Sculptures were made in 3d scale so humans could see it from every direction* Donatello, for example, carved his statues that were meant to stand alone, and be viewed from every angle.* And David created his most well-known sculpture that has the form of the idealistic human body that draws the focus on the individual. In conclusion with Renaissance, Europe, in general, saw a revival of thought, reshaping and secularising every human activity with the wisdom of ancient civilizations and put everything in a realistic, rationalistic foundation. It established human as the center of the universe and found its wonders in this creature. It would change the course of the world for generations to come.

Ethnic Identity and African Americans Essay

Ethnic identity is the sum total of group member feelings about those values, symbols, and common histories that identify them as a distinct group (Smith 1991). Development of ethnic identity is important because it helps one to come to terms with their ethnic membership as a prominent reference group and significant part of an individuals overall identity. Ethnic reference group refers to an individuals psychological relatedness to groups (Smith 1991). These reference groups help adolescents sense, reflect and see things from the point of their ethnic groups in which they actively participate or seek to participate. What is ethnic identity? The establishment of identity is an important, complex task for all adolescents, and is considered a major developmental task for all adolescents. It is particularly complicated for adolescents belonging to ethnic and minority groups. Ethnic identity of the majority group of individuals is constantly validated and reinforced in a positive manner where as the minority group is constantly ridiculed and punished in a negative manner. What does this say for those adolescents who are the minority and not the majority? It is important to study or research ethnic identity because it provides better knowledge to help one understand striving for a sense of unity and connectivenesss in which the self provides meaning for direction and meaning of ethnic identity (Spencer, 1990). It is also important to study or research the differences between these groups due to beliefs and values. Adolescents that are the minority are confronted with their ethnicity at an earlier age then Caucasian adolescents majority and they are constantly aware of ethnic differences, which means it is of greater importance to understand the development of the minority individual. It should lead to different assessments when it comes to ethnic identity. For example, African American adolescents are psychologically compared to Caucasian American adolescence diagnoses, which are sometimes inaccurately assessed. Bronfenberner explains the theoretical perspective such as the ecological perspective by saying, The implications for clinical treatment of African American adolescents, mental health workers must be sensitive to the ecological context of their clients. Mental Health workers must realize that there is no single entity called the black family . The black families compared to the other families established their American family. He suggests that these families vary dramatically in backgrounds, social economic status, values, and degree of acculturation to the norms and values of mainstream America (1990). There are also, significant differences that may exist in preparation of African American adolescent, at the level of rearing family practices and in schools (1990). That is, schools continue to reflect historical values that deal with racial-stereotypes and prejudice and beliefs. At the same time there are families trying to avoid and make light out of such situations. These families and communities continue to show constancy by instilling their own beliefs and values through child rearing which maybe different from Caucasian Americas. Identity and ethnicity as adolescent issues Identity has been defined in many ways. It is the concept used to describe an individual’s sense of who he or she is (Dashefsky and Shapiro, 1976). Changes in identity occur throughout the life cycle, however, the changes in identity are usually most notable during adolescence. Integrating a positive sense of ethnic identity into one’s overall personal identity is an important task of late adolescence (Steinberg, 1996). Ethnic identity has been defined as the aspect of one’s sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial group membership (Steinberg, 1996). Ethnic identity development is an essential human need because it provides a sense of belonging and historical continuity. Ethnic socialization Minority children are confronted with their ethnicity at an earlier age than their majority counterparts (Smith, 1991). Parents can help to speed up the early stages of ethnic identity development by taking an active approach to ethnic socialization. Ethnic socialization, according to Steinberg(1996), refers to the process through which parents teach their children about their ethnicity and about the certain experiences they may have with the broader society. Ethnic socialization consists of three themes: 1) understanding one’s own culture, 2) getting along in mainstream society, and 3) dealing with racism (Steinberg, 1996). Possible outcomes of ethnic identity development. There are four ways to deal with ethnicity (Steinberg, 1996): Â ·Assimilation–adopting the cultural norms of the majority while rejecting the norms of one’s own culture. Â ·Separation–rejecting the majority culture and associating only with members of one’s own culture. Â ·Marginality–living within majority culture but feeling estranged. Â ·Biculturalism–maintaining ties to both cultures. According to Steinberg (1996) many believe that biculturalism is more successful than the other four. With biculturalism minority youth have access to the norms of the majority and minority culture depending on the situation. References. Â ·Smith, Elise J. Ethnic Identity Development: Toward the Development of A Theory within the Context of Majority/Minority Status. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD. v70. n1. Sept. 1991. p. 181-188. Â ·Spencer, Margaret Beale. Child Development. v61 n2. Apr. 1990. P. 290-310. Â ·Dashefsky, A. (Eds. ). (1976). Ethnic identity in society. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Co. Smith, E. J. (1991). Ethnic identity development: Toward the development of a theory within the context of majority/minority status. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 181-187. Â ·Steinberg, L. (1996). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

The Old GRE Exam and the GRE General Test

The Old GRE Exam and the GRE General Test From time to time, standardized tests go through serious revisions. Test makers hope to make the test more relevant, more inclusive, and more in line with what colleges and graduate schools are looking for in their incoming students. A History of GRE Revisions 1949 The GRE, first created in 1949 via the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and administered at Prometric Testing centers, is no exception as it has gone through a number of changes. 2002 The earliest versions of the GRE only tested Verbal and Quantitative reasoning, but after October of 2002, the Analytical Writing Assessment was added.  Ã‚   2011 In 2011, ETS decided that the  GRE needed a  major  overhaul, and decided to create the Revised GRE exam, complete with a new scoring system, new types of questions, and a completely different testing system that not only changed the difficulty of the test as students progress, but allowed students to mark answers to go back to questions previously skipped or change answers. It also allowed for students to select more than one answer as correct if the test question indicated to do so.   2012 In July 2012, ETS announced an option for users to customize their scores called ScoreSelect. After testing, on test day, testers can choose to send just their most recent scores or all of their test scores to colleges and universities to which they would like to apply. Schools who receive the scores will not know whether or not the test-takers have sat for the GRE  once or more than once, if they choose to send just one set of scores.   2015 In 2015, ETS changed the name yet again from the Revised GRE back to the GRE General Test, and reassured testers not to be worried if they encountered test prep materials with one or the other names used. Old GRE vs. Current GRE General Test So, in case you are researching the GRE or happened to have taken the GRE prior to August of 2011, here is  a comparison between the old (between October 2002 and  August 1, 2011) and the current (post August 1, 2011) GRE exams. GRE Exam Old GRE Exam GRE General Test Design Test questions change based on answers (Computer-Based Test) Test sections change based on answers.Ability to change answersAbility to mark answers and come back (Multi-Stage Test)Ability to use a calculator Structure Old Structure Current Structure Time Approx. 3 hours Approx. 3 hours 45 min. Scoring Scores range from 200-800 in 10-point increments Scores range from 130-170 in 1-point increments Verbal Question Types:AnalogiesAntonymsSentence CompletionsReading Comprehension Question Types:Reading ComprehensionText CompletionSentence Equivalence Quantitative Question Types:Multiple Choice Quantitative ComparisonMultiple Choice Problem Solving Question Types:Multiple-choice Questions - One AnswerMultiple-choice Questions - One or More AnswersNumeric Entry QuestionsQuantitative Comparison Questions AnalyticalWriting Old Analytical Writing DetailsOne Issue EssayOne Argument Essay Revised Analytical Writing DetailsOne Issue EssayOne Argument Essay

Adjectives vs Adverbs in SAT Writing Practice + Tips

Adjectives vs Adverbs in SAT Writing Practice + Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You may recall the good ol’ days of elementary school when you learned about adjectives and adverbs. If you had realized that you would have to know about these parts of speech for the SAT, perhaps you would have paid better attention instead of daydreaming about Nickelodeon and The Disney Channel. Don’t worry. If you’ve forgotten or never learned about these parts of speech, I’ll teach you everything you need to know about them for the SAT Writing section. In this grammarguide, I'll do the following: Define an adjective. Define an adverb. Review the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. Explain how adjectives and adverbs are tested in SAT Writing. Provide practice questions to test you on what you've learned. What is an Adjective? Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. Here are some example sentences with adjectives: He is disgusting. The adjective is "disgusting" because it modifies "he". I turned in my horrendous report. The adjective is "horrendous" because it modifies the report. My cat is docile. The adjective is "docile" because it modifies the cat. You can think of adjectives as words that describe nouns. What is an Adverb? So, in elementary school, you may have learned that adverbs modify verbs, but that’s not all. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. This is an example of an adverb modifying a verb: He writes slowly. The adverb is "slowly" because it modifies the verb "writes". The adverb is used to describe how he writes. Check out this example of an adverb modifying an adjective: Her muscles are extremely large. The adverb is "extremely" because it modifies the adjective "large". The adverb is used to describe the degree of largeness of her muscles. The word "large" is an adjective because it modifies the noun "muscles". Here is an example of an adverb modifying another adverb: The politician speaks very well. The word "very" is an adverb because it modifies the adverb "well". The word "well" is an adverb because it modifies the verb "speaks". From looking at the example sentences, you may have noticed that adjectives and adverbs tend to have different constructions. Adverb Construction Adverbs are usually formed by adding "ly" to the adjective. For adjectives that end in "y", the adverb is formed by adding "ily". So, for example, "slow" becomes "slowly", "quiet" becomes "quietly", "careful" becomes "carefully", and "noisy" becomes "noisily". There are irregularly formed adverbs, such as "good" that becomes "well" in the adverb form. However, the SAT will not specifically test you on irregular adverbs. So, how will adjectives and adverbs be tested on the SAT Writing section? Adjectives Vs. Adverbs on the SAT On the SAT, adverbs and adjectives are switched with one another. Most often, an adjective will be underlined when the wordshouldbe in the adverb form. Less often, but occasionally, an adverb will be underlined when the word should be in the adjective form. This is an example of the type of sentence that may appear on the SAT: When I saw my doctor, he examined me careful. If you aren't reading closely, the example sentence might seem perfectly fine to you. However, the word "careful" is functioning as an adverb in the sentence. Why? The word "careful" modifies the verb "examined". Therefore, "careful" should be in the adverb form. This is the corrected version of the sentence: When I saw my doctor, he examined me carefully. This is an example of an adjective being incorrectly used as an adverb: Because her workout was excruciatingly, she could barely lift her fork to eat her dinner. The word "excruciatingly" is modifying the workout. Because "workout" is a noun, "excruciatingly" is an adjective and should not be in the adverb form. This is how the sentence should read: Because her workout was excruciating, she could barely lift her fork to eat her dinner. Here are some simple strategies to help you determine whether a word should be in the adjective or adverb form. Strategy Determine what word an adjective/adverb is modifying. Then, determine the part of speech of the word that is being modified. If a word modifies a noun, use the adjective form. If a word modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, use the adverb form. Let's use what we've learned to tackle some real SAT questions. Real SAT Writing Examples Try to determine if there is an adjective/adverb error in the following sentence. Explanation: At first glance, none of the underlined phrases may seem incorrect to you. However, let's take a look at answer choice C. The word "effective" is in the adjective form, but what is its function in the sentence? The word "effective" is describing how the effects have been described. The word "effective" is modifying the verb "have described". Therefore, "effective" should be in the adverb form, "effectively". Here's one more example from a real SAT. Explanation:So, this question is slightly more difficult. Is there an error? Yes. But where? The answer is A. So, â€Å"clever† is describing how the reservoir was designed. In the sentence, â€Å"designed† is actually a participle. A participle is a form of a verb that functions as an adjective. Here, â€Å"designed† is modifying the reservoir. However, even if you thought â€Å"designed† was a typical verb, the word â€Å"clever† should still be in the adverb form. The reservoir was cleverly designed. Also, "clever" is in the adjective form. The only noun "clever" could possibly modify is "reservoir". Would a reservoir be described as clever? No. The way the reservoir was designed was clever. It was cleverly designed. A cleverly designed reservoir The good news is that you won't see a harder adverb question than that one an your SAT. Now, let's take a look at another rule involving adjectives. Comparatives Vs. Superlatives (aka -er vs -est) Comparatives The comparative form of an adjective is created by adding "er" to the adjective or "more" plus the adjective. Examples of comparatives include "faster", "stronger", and "more exhilarating". You cannot use "more" and the "er" form of a word. You cannot write "more stronger" or "more faster". Also, the comparative form can only be used when you are comparing two things. Here is an example of the comparative form being used incorrectly: Between Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, Christina is the more better singer. Again, you can't use "more" with the comparative form of a word. The word "better" is the comparative form of good ("better" is irregularly formed). This is the corrected version of the sentence: Between Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, Christina is the better singer. The comparative form is used when you're comparing two things. What is the proper form to use when you're comparing three or more things? Superlatives When comparing three or more things, use the superlative form. A superlative is formed by adding "est" to the adjective or by putting "most" in front of the adjective. Examples of superlatives include "fastest", "strongest", and "most exhilarating". You cannot use "most" and the "est" form of a word together. You cannot write "most fastest" or "most strongest". Here is an example of an error with a superlative: Of all the breakfast cereals, Apple Jacks is the most tastiest. Be on the lookout for sentences with "most" and the "est" superlative form. You can only use "most" plus the adjective or the superlative "est" form of the adjective. You can never use both together. Apple Jacks are tastier than Cheerios. Comparatives and Superlatives on SAT Writing Most likely, you will only see a maximum of one or two questions on the SAT testing your knowledge of comparatives and superlatives. All you have to remember is proper construction of the comparative and superlative forms, and you need to know to use the comparative form when comparing two things and the superlative form when comparing three or more things. This is an example of the hardest type of comparative/superlative sentence I've seen on an SAT: Between Joe and his brother, Joe is the stronger and more intelligent. Often, students will be tempted to use the superlatives "strongest" or "most intelligent" in this sentence. However, because we are only comparing two things, we have to use the comparative form. The example sentence is correct. Strategy If you see a comparative, make sure only two things are being compared. Also, make sure that "more" and the comparative "er" form are not being used together. If you notice a superlative, make sure three or more things are being compared. Also, make sure that "most" and the superlative "est" form are not being used together. Now, let's check out an example from a real SAT. Real SAT Writing Example Determine whether there is an error in this sentence taken from an actual SAT. Explanation: Do you see the error? Hopefully. Find the incorrectly formed comparative. You cannot write "more stronger". The word "more" does not belong with the comparative "er" form of the adjective "strong". The answer is B. At this point, we've covered all the specific types of questions involving adjectives and adverbs on the SAT Writing section. Here are some tips to help you identify and correctly answer all adjective and adverb questions on the SAT. General Strategies for Adjectives and Adverbs on the SAT #1: If an Adjective or Adverb is Underlined, Make Sure the Word is Being Used Correctly In any of the subsections (sentence improvement, identify the error, paragraph improvement), if an adjective/adverb is underlined, make sure the word is being used correctly. Most adjective/adverb questions are found in the identify the error subsection. Generally, mistakes on adjective/adverb questions are due to carelessness. By checking to see that underlined adjectives/adverbs are being used correctly, you will be less likely to make a mistake. #2: Determine the Part of Speech of the Word that the Adjective/Adverb is Modifying If you know the functions of adjectives and adverbs and you can correctly determine the part of speech that an adjective/adverb is modifying, you should never miss an adjective/adverb question. #3: If a Comparative or Superlative is Underlined, Make Sure the Word is Being Used Correctly Keep in mind that comparatives compare two things and superlatives compare three or more. Comparatives are formed by placing "more" in front of the adjective or by adding "er" at the end of the word, but you can never use "more" with the "er" form. Similarly, superlatives are formed by placing "most" in front of the adjective or by adding "est" at the end of the word, but you can never use "most" with the "est" form of the word. I assume we feel comfortable with adjectives and adverbs now. Let's do some realistic SAT practice questions that I created for you. Additional Realistic SAT Writing Practice Questions Use the general strategies I provided and your knowledge of adjectives and adverbs to answer these practice questions. 1. For(A) most of my life, I have resided in the incredibly(B) diverse city of Los Angeles, a dense(C) populated urban(D) area in California. No Error (E) 2. After seeing(A) my uncle for the first time in ten years, I was shocked(B) by how dramatic(C) he had aged (D). No Error (E) 3. Between(A) the SAT and(B) the ACT, the SAT has more sections(C) and the ACT has the longest(D) sections. No Error (E) 4. When I visited(A) Marc in New York, I entered his filthy(B) room for the first time and was shocked by(C) how overwhelmingly disgusting(D) it appeared. No Error (E) 5. Even though she(A) struggles with grammar, Jamie was able to correctly(B) identify the error in the sentence by looking(C) at the sentence close. (D) No Error (E) Answers: 1. C, 2. C, 3. D, 4. E, 5. D What's Next? Continue your journey to total SAT Writing mastery. Make sure you know what's actually tested on SAT Writing. For detailed strategies on how to get that awe-inspiring perfect SAT Writing score, read about how to achieve perfection on SAT Writing from a perfect scorer. Are you hoping to get a perfect combined SAT score? Learn how to do that from somebody who got a perfect SAT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

The Case of Watsons and H&M Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Case of Watsons and H&M Consulting - Essay Example The first and the foremost factor that affects an organisation in its smooth functioning is the structure that exists there. The organizational structure is â€Å"an externally caused phenomenon, an outcome rather than an artefact.† Different types of structures of organisations have been identified to exist. Classically, there are two kinds of structure— Hierarchical Structure and Flat structure. Hierarchical form of structure is referred to that organization where every entity except one, is a subordinate to one entity. Flat Structure is that organisation where there are very few or no levels of intervening management between staff and managers. Furthermore, new forms of structure have since evolved. They are Functional Structure, where employees within the functional divisions of an organization perform a particular set of tasks, leading to operational efficiencies in that group. However, it might result in lack of communication between the functional groups within t he firm, making it slow and inflexible. The other one is Product Structure where all the organizational functions are brought together into a division which contains all the required resources and functions. However, Matrix Structure groups employees by both function and product. It is evident from the case of ‘Watsons’ that their structure is strictly hierarchical with very low flexibility. The Managing Director Gordon Watson takes little interest of the activities on shop floor, and is set to be followed by current Operations Director John Smith, a long-standing friend of Gordon’s. Under this structure hardly any coordination exists between different functions of business. New and innovative ideas from Ahmed Khan, the production manager, are difficult to implement because of immobility of staff on the shop floor between different machines. Also, some of the staff is under-worked while the others are overburdened. Ahmed Khan’s proposed changes in favour o f new computerised production process and shop-floor activities to be organised into multi-skilled, self-managed teams are also lost in disrupted channels of communication. The Marketing Department that handle customer liaison hardly communicates with anyone

Unit 3 DB introduction to law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 3 DB introduction to law - Essay Example Similarly, the department is responsible for administration of prisons and other correctional facilities in which it offers services such as supervision of the facilities and provision for the convicts’ needs within the correctional systems (Gaines and Miller, 2011; Siegel and Worrall, 2012). Other law enforcement agencies also provide services in the same area. The department for example shares law enforcement roles with the police department and investigative roles with the â€Å"Federal Bureau of Investigations† (Lambert and Regan, 2001, p. 123). I hold the opinion that the department is not adequate in its scope of duty. This is because its roles are diverse in technical fields that require different and specialized expertise. I would therefore recommend, is I had an opportunity, that the department be streamlined into a specialized role or be structured with independent and specialized sub departments (Lambert and Regan,

Further Principles of Trusts Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Further Principles of Trusts Project - Essay Example The management of the amount has been left entirely to the discretion of the trustees, who by default, now have the power to invest the funds for the benefit of the entire trust of the deceased. Hence at the outset, the immediate dispersal of funds to the nephews and nieces is not a mandatory requirement on the part of the trustees, who have the power to invest it as they see fit. IT must be clarified straight away, that the trust fund for the nephews and nieces does not entitle them to immediately be entitled to all of the proceeds, hence dispersal of the total amount of 500,000 pounds is out of the question. It must also be noted that among the nephews and nieces of Alan Benson, the deceased, only two are above the age of 18. The Trustees now have the power to invest trust funds by default and they have the option to invest the entire capital of 500,000 pounds for the benefit of all the beneficiaries, i.e, the four children, until all of them reach the age of eighteen. Since the Trustees will be expected to invest the funds or manage them to the best of their ability for the benefit of those named as beneficiaries of the trust, there is a pre-existing factor working against the breaking up of the total trust amount into its four constituent parts of 125,000 pounds, which each child will be entitled to. By immediately disbursing the funds of the trust as requested in Tahir Hussain’s letter, the trustees run the risk of being accused of mismanaging the funds, especially if the proposed ventures, i.e, expansion of existing business and vacations trips, etc are not successful and res ult in a loss of monies, thereby contravening the goal of allocation of these funds for the benefit of those children. It is significant to note that no restriction has been imposed in the will on the trustees’ power of investment of the funds, which suggests that the original intent of the deceased may have been to ensure that the allocation of 500,000

The concept on going green

The concept on going green Introduction The phrase ‘Going Green have demand a place in the current scenario to be among the hot topic of discussion, either, be it when it matter to green technologies or the enterprises that are build with such a motto that gives a clear definition of the concern for the environment. Additionally, going green have become fashionable in a sense that green projects, especially in the contemporary era and where the situations such as the global warming is having its toll get high number of takers, be it when it matter to corporate projects, building a corporate office or propagating green projects, which are eco-friendly in nature and scope. Taking the ‘Going Green phrase and its concepts in the discussion of this report, we come to the conclusion that there are no short resources and discussion topic when it matter to analyze the bigger picture related to green projects in the corporate world, and not to forget the globalised environment of the contemporary world and its economies at large. Taking a short and quick views of the ‘going green phrase, we further come to the conclusion in parts and fragments that the eco-friendly projects and the trends related to the same appear to have taken over the imagination of any conscious individual and corporate honchos. Put it in generic terms for the concepts, it is not only fashionable to go green, either when the case can be looked within the food habits, the change in technology and lifestyles etc; but it also shows a responsible side to save mother earth from the negative effects of global warming, where a concern in that regard are carried out in the manner of propagating green project with full course. . Hence, in that capacity, there is always an urgent need that calls for a sustainable move to take centre stage, even when it applies to corporate and management practices within the organization realms, and in the course of time assists in contributing something for the benefits of mother nature that have blessed us with numerous benefits. However, what is surprising is the fact that the wrong move in which mankind have taken in the many years prior to the industrial revolution and then onwards have meant that much of the materialistic greeds have compromised with the very idea of economic growth and advancement, where the accidental destruction have already been felt. In the current scenario we can witness that the ‘going green concepts and projects related to the same is one good move from the part of inhabitants to clean off the many wrongs that have already been felt and bestowed on mother nature, and especially the negative impact that it have had. Thus, the case can be looked to the urgency of the global warming scenario. Issue Encompassing The ‘Subject Matter Discussion Attending our discussion to the above phrase, there is no short sight of the issue that encompasses the global economy today, especially in a scenario where global warming have had its toll and negative impact in all corner of the globe. However, when it matter to clean-up process and to fix the many issue that have been witnessed, measure in that regard is also short and out of sight. It was only in recent years when the urgency of the matter was felt that that green projects have been facilitated with full discourse, be it at the policy level or in propagating anything that is related to ‘going green concepts. The susceptibility of the ‘subject matter and the greater concern of the subject also are one of the many important facets and urgent requirement for citizen to get things in shape and in the right direction. Hence, the issue that is to be discussed in this part of the report only concerns itself with the subject matter in part and forms. Looking at these aspects and the real picture in the current scenario, it can further by expanded that understanding the purpose of the subject matter should familiarize itself with what to follow next. Thus, the following paragraph also takes a shift in that capacity. Purpose Commenting further from the short and brief fragmented discussion as detailed above, the purpose of this project is to analyze the greater substitute that should aid the clean-up process in the global economy, especially when it matter to environmental concern. Thus, treatment to the ‘subject matter at the onset is proposed to analyzed and comprehend the bigger picture related to any specific green projects, and the investment opportunities for business houses that comes with any such developments with full force. Such is the case that the analysis in parts will be integrated to come close to a meaningful discussion that should send across the message in full force for the world to have know. To top it all, it also should be clarified that the attempt of this work also should answer the probable question that crop-up. That is to say, Can environmentally friendly projects and the concept of â€Å"going green† be looked upon as the next hot investment area? Precisely, from a general interpretation of the said question, the answer is yes. Hence, many related question to the subject matter is meant to give a detailed analysis and attempts in that capacity also tries to relate and answer the reporter question on the said topic being raised. That is to say, why, how, what, when and where do the going green and its concepts make sense in the contemporary era? Thus, taking into account the abovementioned summary, the following paragraph should answer the question which attests itself to the core of the ‘subject matter discussion. The Idea Of Going Green Going green and the concept related to the same have become a phenomenon of sorts in the current scenario of the globalised world in the contemporary era. To top it, when it matter to projects also, environmentally friendly projects and innovation are also peaking to take leverage of the opportunities that comes with it in the business context. At the policy level in the global institutions such as the UNESCO, WHO, etc, the ‘subject matter is a hot topic of discussion and debated subject, given the nature and urgency of the issue at hand facing the global economy. As the case can be looked from the onset, and as discussed in the media, the recently Copenhagen summit no doubt got the attention of global leaders from around the globe, given the agenda related to environmental crisis. What concern with the said global summit can be attest to the concern it attached itself with, especially in a domain where a heightened debate on global warming and environmental crisis, which concern with the core of the going green concepts. Article related to Global warming written by â€Å"Andrew Winston, an environment strategist also details a close analysis of the recent development that shoot up from the Copenhagen meet. Secondly, put in it in the words of the said strategist, environmental crises, be it in cases such as global warming, rising water level in the oceans etc, shows a clear picture of the situation our world are faced with in the current scenario, and the citizen living in its nature have found themselves in† (Winston, 2009) The sorry state of nature that we have found ourselves entangled in is clear and precise, and the effect and impact of environmental crisis is for all to have a second thought on â€Å"how to bring about innovation and technology in the business context that is sustainable in nature. The sorry state and carbon emission rate from developing and developed countries in the global economy is one main factor that add to the worried list of environment crisis† (Winston, 2009). Thus, in that respect, the green factor or the ‘going green phrase and its concepts have become a norm and phenomena of sorts, which familiarize even with a layman in the streets. Hence, commenting on the recent development and impact those global economic growths have had at best come close to the idea of ‘going green, and why it matter in that regard. For integrating a short analysis in that capacity, understanding the role of the organization in the contemporary era, especially when it matter to sustainable business management is very critical, which is as follows. Organization Sustainable Business Strategy From an economic point of view, sustainable business plans comes with a package of many opportunities and benefits for corporations in the global who endeavor for the same. When it matter to organization and their management in that capacity, some scholars have put it that â€Å"sustainable business organization would be an important part of sustainable societies, now and in the future† (Anja Schaefer, 2003, p. 209), given to the urgency by which environmental issue and concern for the same have been, and the leading and heated debate in that capacity in the contemporary world today. Addressing the bigger question related to the concept of ‘going green as a favorable business opportunities, the first thing that should be noted is the environmental challenge for global firms. Take the case of Author Klaus North (1997), and his book titled â€Å"Environmental business management: an introduction†, which gives a clear picture and details about the subject matter and its interrelated discussion. From the introductory message of the said book, a clear and notable question crop up from the author part, which goes as â€Å"Why are enterprises increasingly trying to become green and clean? (North, 1997, p. 1). This a good and sensible question indeed that the author have put up, considering that in recent years the â€Å"trend to go green have usurped the corporate world, and especially after a major industrial accidents that have had an impact of the environment and likewise, the green factor and its concepts means new business opportunities, and new markets for corporation† (North, 1997, p. 1) Thus, there is no denying the fact that going green is one business opportunities and the concepts also garner huge takers, either for investor or a business organization that have formulated a policy with anything related to the green factors, so as to say. Take it in the world of the business investment opportunities, going green is a big factor and big business opportunities in the contemporary context. Some scholar have commented that â€Å"the green revolution is already influencing how people live their lives, and to top it all, in recent years tremendous attention is given to all things green, starting from books, magazines, political class the media in its variety of formats, etc, to be precise† (Tobin Smith, 2008, p. 1). Hence, the tendency to green opportunities in business investment matter is huge and the facts stands clear and precise, given that the â€Å"world wants a clean future that should be facilitated by the solid stands corporation are propagating towards green concepts and its management.† (Tobin Smith, 2008, p. 5). As a matter of fact, there is a growing debate and discussion in that respect and the business scope and investment opportunities that comes from green project. The general impression that withholds the same topic is also much in respect that green projects, in the current environmental crisis scenario is laced with loads of future scope. It is well placed that the trends of the green concepts have only grown stronger and bolder with each passing days. From the organizational and business management context â€Å"going green also comes as a means, which is addressed in the format of the strategic management process for firms in the competitive environment, and in order to earn above average returns, firm integrate their management strategy where actions and decision should facilitate strategic competitiveness† (Michael A. Hitt, 2008, p. 6) aimed at sustainable measures. Likewise, organizational business management and their corporate social responsibilities are a positive developments and a good measure for a cause. From having an analysis in close quarter on the many related topic that discuss the concepts of going green, one probable factor come to force, especially concern with carbon emission which cannot be done away with, given the less alternate means to the existing energy source, apart from nuclear power, which is a clean resource means to addressed the ever increasing energy need and demands in the current globalised world. Hence, in that respect, how well and why it matter when it amount to green concepts can be assimilated from the following discussion. How Well Green Project Offers Investment Opportunities? When adhering our analysis in respect of the above heading, the case can be interesting and probable to support the assumption, given that green projects and the tagline that integrate the concept have always been held with a general belief of offering huge paybacks and business opportunities and scope for investors. Thus, as to the question of why the concept of going green comes as an alternative to business investment also can be looked to the phenomena in that respect. Secondly, â€Å"going green for organization in the contemporary era is also getting cost competitive, given that as price and demands for available energy source are peaking, so does it will for any alternative of energy source, which are likely to remain high† (Tobin Smith, 2008, p. 5). Hence in that respect the economic factors in the energy scenario also offers huge and tremendous potential for corporations in the international market. Moreover, â€Å"the investment capital in green projects is one probable force that takes centre stage from the demands for energy, especially in the green energy sector† (Tobin Smith, 2008, p. 5). Thus, such development in close quarter answers the related question as to why going green and its concepts can be looked upon and banked as a business opportunities, henceforth and in time to come, especially in accommodating to the flow of the economic cycle in the contemporary globalised market. After all, when it matter to the core discussion of this report and the question that is also being raised in that respect, we come to the conclusion that the assumption build within the subject matter of green concept as a investment opportunities ranks true and is factual in a sense. Take for instance the cut throat competition in the global estates developments, in which ever case renovated projects is always an issue, which means that â€Å"raising both depth and equity capital for such investment is a challenge of sorts. However, when it matter to socially responsible property development in the society, investing in the same promises rewards those developer in the league who familiarize themselves with green projects† (Yudelson, 2008, p. 114) Further down the line let us take for instance cases of the contemporary business scenario, and especially in the domain where the knowledge process and information technology have become the much needed factors to boosts business gains. Thus, the strategic management of organization also has meant to harness â€Å"green concepts to a large extent, and to be specific here, the case also can be related to the new strategic trend termed as a green computing, which goes hand in hand with organizational strategic management† (Harris, 2008, p. 145) aimed at long term. Furthermore, justifying the assumption of the subject matter we come to the conclusion that â€Å"green computing in any given industry is an effective project initiative, especially in a scenario where people are very much dependent in this technological innovation for personal and business purpose. To top it all, the concept of going green or likewise to say green computing revolves around the factors on how to utilize resources and in the meantime save resources with the application of innovation, and the use of computing technology† (Harris, 2008, p. 22) Conclusion Sustainable development plans as we understood is a close calls for any organization to have in place and in matter of corporate governance as well, given that such undertaking offers great investment opportunities in the contemporary global market. The discussion parts of this report that attend only to the investment opportunities that come from green project have been beneficial and astonishing. In its fragmented discussion, the structure took into analysis only the core of the subject matter, and in context of economic and business point of views. We feel that debate on the subjected topic is never ending, however; given to the specific discussion that calls for, the same have been integrated to make the flow and its research take an in-depth measure. Before culminating our report, the following recommendation also should be noted, in order to have close calls for needs to be done in the time to come. Recommendation It is further recommended that the discussion of the subject matter demands more space in the literary debate to arrive at a conclusive opinion and solid standing to support the claims and assumption build herein. Moreover, the nature of this research only limits itself in the business scope, that is to say the investment opportunities that come along with facilitating green projects for investors or organization. Seeing things as it is, there is a great scope to integrate a reach topic on any green concepts, staring from food habits, green technology and likewise, overall which can be encompassed within the business opportunities that comes along. The concern being raised at the global level related to environmental crisis is for the mankind to have a clear understanding of the urgency of the matter. Rather than spoil and waste some more time, a definite action plan is required to be integrated for sustainable development, be it for corporation upgrading their policies, developers building green projects, etc, is an immediate needs. Seeing things in recent developments with green computers, and green fuels source as discussed above comes as a good sign. However, there is much in the process yet to be reached in full course. Given so, further recommendation open up an opportunity for research as well, and in matter of organizational policy, now is the right time to take actions for managers and firm corporate governance that gives a definite agenda in sticking towards green project for the benefits of mankind, and organizational sustainable development plan. References Anja Schaefer, A. C. (2003). Sustainable Business Organisation. In M. L. Ed. Frans Berkhout, Negotiating environmental change: new perspectives from social science (pp. 209-213, 216-218,222-227). UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Harris, J. (2008). Green Computing and Green IT Best Practices on Regulations and Industry Initiatives, Virtualization, Power Management, Materials Recycling and Telecommuting. Lulu.com. Michael A. Hitt, R. D. (2008). Strategic management: competitiveness and globalization : concepts cases. Edition.8. Ohio, US: Cengage Learning. North, K. (1997). Environmental business management: an introduction. Geneva: International Labour Organization. Tobin Smith, J. W. (2008). Billion Dollar Green: Profit from the Eco Revolution. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2008. Yudelson, e. (2008). Green building through integrated design. US: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008. Winston, A. (2009, 11 20). Why Going Green And The Climate Negotiations In Copenhagen Matter Now More Than Ever. Retrieved 1 12, 2010, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-winston/why-going-green-and-th_b_365888.html

Lee De Forest Essay -- essays research papers

Lee De Forest Lee De Forest was born Aug. 26, 1873, Council Bluffs, Iowa. De Forest was the son of a Congregational minister. His father moved the family to Alabama and there assumed the presidency of the nearly bankrupt Talladega College for Negroes. Excluded by citizens of the white community who resented his father's efforts to educate blacks, Lee and his brother and sister made friends from among the black children of the town and spent a happy although sternly disciplined childhood in this rural community. (Kraeuter, 74). As a child he was fascinated with machinery and was often excited when hearing of the many technological advances during the late 19th century. He began tinkering and inventing things even in high school, often trying to build things that he could sell for money. By the age of 13 he was an enthusiastic inventor of mechanical gadgets such as a miniature blast furnace and locomotive, and a working silverplating apparatus. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries). His father had planned for him to follow him in a career in the clergy, but Lee wanted to go to school for science and, in 1893, enrolled at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, one of the few institutions in the United States then offering a first-class scientific education. (Kraeuter, 74). De Forest went on to earn the Ph.D. in physics in 1899, with the help of scholarships, and money his parents made by working odd jobs. By this time he had become interested in electricit...

A 3000 word reflective account of Solution Focused Brief Therapy within a practice placement setting

This assignment is a personal reflective account on the use of solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) carried out during a practice placement within a Crisis and Home Treatment Team (CRHT). This assignment aims to discuss the importance of the 10 Essential Shared Capabilities, introduce clear definitions of SFBT, evaluate current research of SFBT, and provide an evaluation of the key principles of SFBT. I will make a brief comparison of SFBT and traditional psychotherapy.I will utilise aspects of Gibb’s Model of Reflection (1988) when discussing my own thoughts and feelings in order to critically analyse and evaluate two key features of SFBT interventions used in practice. This will allow me to identify positive aspects of my practice as well as highlighting aspects which need further development. Finally, I will evaluate the theoretical framework underpinning its relevance in current and future practice. De Shazer & Dolan (2007) defined SFBT as â€Å"a future focused, goal or ientated approach to brief therapy†. Iveson (2002) proposes that SFBT focuses on â€Å"solution building rather than problem solving†.As such, SFBT does not require a detailed history of the past or problem due to its solution focused nature. The client is believed to have the necessary resources to implement changes. Furthermore, Macdonald (2007, p. 7) stipulates that the client has the capacity to use these resources to set their own goals for therapy. In a general sense, psychotherapy aims to aid clients to reach their full potential or to develop better coping mechanisms to deal with their problems. During psychotherapy a client will develop skills to become self aware, change their unhelpful cognitive schemas, and develop insight and empathy (O’Connell, 2005).Additionally, psychotherapy assumes that, with guidance, each client has the capacity to overcome their discomfort or distress. There is considerable agreement in literature regarding the main character istics of SFBT (De Shazer & Dolan, 2007; O’Connell, 2005; Lethem, 2002; George, Iveson & Ratner, 1990; Sharry, Darmody & Madden, 2002). It is believed that therapy must convert from focusing on the presenting problem and move towards looking for solutions (O’Connell, 2005). Therefore, the therapist must consider the client’s subjective, individual interpretations of the given problem.O’Connell (2005) reports that this phenomenon is a result of social constructionism. Social constructionism proposes that client’s theories are created as a result of social interaction and negotiations with peers. As result these theories are fluid, constantly changing with knowledge, and therefore move away from any certainty (McNamee, 2010). For example, Walter & Peller (1994, p. 14) reported that if a therapist was to lead from behind, by allowing a client to talk about their experiences, this would encourage the client to become increasingly aware of aspects of th e perceived problem that had previously been disregarded.Rosenbaum, Hoyt & Talmon (1990) theorised that improvements can be achieved by the change of the smallest aspect in the client’s life, and that it is this smallest, positive, initial step that will inevitably lead to greater improvements for the client. Furthermore, Sharry et al (2002) highlight that it is not possible for a client to experience one emotion all of the time, and that there must be times when the problematic emotion is more or less intense. They stipulate that it is the therapists’ role to determine when the emotion is less severe and encourage the client to do more of these behaviours.In addition to this, Sharry et al (2002) advise that the therapist should not focus failed solutions or advise the client to continue with behaviours that are problematic. Clients are advocated to actualize their preferred future by implementing small changes that have proved to be positive solutions. The idea of a p referred future is dominant with the SFBT approach. This is seen throughout a SFBT session, from the initial clarification of the client’s goals for therapy to the client being encouraged to describe in detail what their future without their problem would look like by use of the  miracle question (De Shazer & Dolan, 2007).De Shazer & Molnar (1984) advise that is important to be mindful that clients may think they have to do something which they feel is expected of them by the therapist, even though this may not necessarily be right for them. As such, I feel that asking about the client’s preferred future can be a high risk strategy for vulnerable clients as it may initiate a negative response and prolong feelings of hopelessness. There are many similarities of the underlying assumptions of SFBT and other psychotherapies.For example, the goals for therapy are chosen by the client (O’Connell, 2005). In addition to this, all psychotherapy assumes that the client has the resources they need to implement change (Macdonald, 2007, p. 7). However, the main differences between SFBT and other psychotherapies are that a detailed history is not needed, the perceived problem is not analysed, the treatment process begins within the first session of therapy and that SFBT does not believe a person’s perception is maladjusted or in need of change (O’Connell, 2005).It is evident that SFBT draws upon numerous therapeutic approaches. I believe SFBT shared a number of theoretical principals with person-centred therapy. Rogers (1951) hypothesised that human’s have an intrinsic ability to self-actualise, which can be seen explicitly in SFBT in identifying the clients strengths and resources (Saunders 1998). In terms of person-centred counselling, the way SFBT highlights these factors is directly facilitating the self- actualization of the client. Furthermore, both theories take an eclectic approach to the client’s situation.For exam ple, the importance of the whole person in person-centred counselling is associated with the interest in the whole context of a person’s life in SFBT (Iveson, 2002). Hales (1999) describes how person-centred therapy believes that the client is in control of the counselling process and makes judgements about their decisions and experiences; this is seen much more overtly in SFBT as the clients are asked directly their goals for therapy and how they would know that therapy had been worthwhile.Both approaches provide client-orientated counselling which aims to promote self esteem and coping strategies for the client (Hales, 1999). By employing the underlying principals of SFBT into future training, my practice will remain aligned with the Ten Essential Shared Capabilities (Department of Health, 2004). In particular, SFBT focuses on ‘working in partnership’, ‘identifying people’s needs and strengths’, providing service user care’ and promot ing safety and positive risk taking’ (Department of Health, 2004, p.4).In a literature review, Ferraz & Wellman (2008) emphasise that it is possible to incorporate these essential capabilities into SFBT techniques in current practice. They suggest that SFBT is particularly appropriate when staff have relatively brief contact with clients. SFBT is congruent with these essential capabilities, enabling nurses to develop improved therapeutic relationships with clients, improved communication skills, and a goal orientated approach to recovery (De Shazer & Dolan, 2007).Whilst there is limited research surrounding SFBT in comparison to other psychotherapies, the evidence base has developed in recent years (Gingerich & Eisengart, 2000). However, much of the initial research was conducted by the pioneers of SFBT, e. g. De Shazer & Molnar (1984) and Kiser (1988), and is therefore likely to be in favour of SFBT. In terms of success rate, Kiser (1988) and Kiser & Nunnally (1990) conducte d six month follow up studies which showed an 80% success rate of clients who had received SFBT.However, these studies can be criticised as only 14.7% clients reported considerable improvements beyond meeting their treatment goals. Much research into the effectiveness of SFBT concludes a success rate which is calculated by a combination of clients who achieved their goals and clients who made significant improvements. Further to this, Macdonald (1994; 1997) argued success rates of 64% at a three year follow up. Moreover, DeJong & Berg (1998) report that SFBT achieves 70% or more success rates for multitude of social and mental health issues, including depression, suicidal ideation, relationship difficulties, domestic violence, and self-esteem.As such, the underlying principals of SFBT can be applied to the Seven Stage Crisis Intervention Model (R-SSCIM; Roberts, 1991). For example, stage 3 of Roberts’ model (1991) help clients to identify their strengths, resources and past c oping skills. This can be achieved through the use of exception and coping questions (O’Connell, 2005). De Shazer & Dolan (2007) expand on this by advising that identifying strengths and resources can help build rapport and trust with the client as the focus is shifted away from short-comings and towards complimenting the client.During Stages 4 & 5, feelings and emotions are explored, and alternatives are generated and explored (Roberts, 1991). SFBT utilises these stages by acknowledge client’s current experiences and aiding them to create an action plan. The client I chose to utilise SFBT techniques with had an extensive mental health history. He has been known to community services for the past 5 years, and has a diagnosis of major depression. He had been referred to CRHT following deterioration in mood and was expressing suicidal ideation. The client had consented to me using SFBT techniques during a home treatment visit.I utilised several assessment tools of SFBT i ncluding pre-session changes, goal setting, exception seeking and coping questions, miracle question, scaling question, and task setting. I have chosen to reflect on the use of scaling questions and exception seeking questions. O’Connell (2005, p. 35) stipulates that scaling is a technique whereby the therapist asks the client to rate on a scale of zero to ten, where zero is the worst they have felt recently and ten is the best they have felt recently, for a particular issue.O’Connell (2005, p. 35) goes on to state that scaling can be used to set treatment goals, measure progress, establish priorities, rate the clients motivation, and discover the client’s confidence in resolving their issues. I have chosen to reflect on scaling techniques as I felt confident and noticed my personal strengths but also identified some areas for development. I first introduced scaling with my client when asking about pre-session changes.I explained the scale to him and asked where he would place himself  today and if this was any different from when he had contacted CRHT. I reassured the client by complimenting him for contacting CRHT regarding his mental health. The second time I used scaling questions was following the miracle question. This was to assess whether the client had shown any sessional changes from the score he reported earlier. Finally, I used scaling when amplifying homework tasks. This was to assess whether the client was motivated and confident in achieving these tasks, and whether these tasks would improve the client’s depressive symptoms.Throughout the home visit, I felt extremely nervous, tense and pressurised because I was also being assessed by my mentor as part of the Direct Observation of a Nursing Activity. I was also aware that the client was at crisis point and was somewhat volatile in mental state. This made me feel inexperienced and very aware that I had limited training in SFBT. Initially, I felt apprehensive at making a mistake or asking the wrong question, and this was clear to the client when I had perplexed the explanation of the scale.Upon reflection, my emotions affected my performance throughout the intervention; for example, as I became more relaxed I gave a more apparent explanation of the scale for confidence in completing homework tasks. My strengths were that I was able to obtain a baseline of the client’s rating of their mood, affirm sessional changes to mood, and attain a rating of the client’s motivation and confidence in achieving set tasks. I felt the client responded well to the scaling questions as it did not involve him explaining in depth his feelings, but rather focused on how to resolve his current crisis state (De Shazer & Dolan, 2007).However, I feel my weaknesses lie in the timing of the scaling questions. For example, I introduced the scale near to the start of the home visit and then a further two times during the visit. As a result I felt I had to explai n the scale each time I used it. I feel this made the intervention slightly disordered and therefore illogical to the client.The use of scaling questions following the miracle question was partially inappropriate as the client stated that he had just answered questions regarding his preferred future (i. e.  where the client would like to be on the scale) when amplifying the miracle question. In hindsight, I feel that these questions were somewhat unnecessary. In contrast to this, De Shazer & Dolan (2007) stipulate in their G. E. M. S approach that scaling questions should follow the miracle question due to its effectiveness in obtaining measures of where clients would rate themselves today, and their preferred future. Furthermore, O’Connell (2005, p. 52) describes the importance of scaling questions with regard to communication with a client.He advises that it gives the opportunity for the client to express how they are feeling and eliminates the therapist making assumption s. He argues that scaling provides a comprehensive interpretation of the client’s feelings on a particular issue, with limited scope for individual interpretation. However, there is much research (Chant, Jenkinson, Randle & Russell, 2002; Sumner, 2001) to suggest that communication and interpretation of a client’s feelings is eclectically gained through the practitioner’s emotions, personal development, perception of others, and the circumstances of the interaction.I feel this is particularly relevant to my performance since my communication was adversely affected initially due to my anxieties and the circumstances of being assessed. This therapeutic intervention provided me with first hand experience of these barriers to communication (Sumner, 2001) and as such I am aware of how my communication is affected by anxiety which in turn impacted on the scaling technique I was using. This issue could be resolved through the use of further reflections and SFBT with ot her clients.I feel that utilising SFBT techniques in my future practice will improve my confidence and my ability to concisely deliver explanations of scaling questions as I will no longer feel like a novice. I have also chosen to reflect on the use of exception questions with the client as I feel that I need to expand my current knowledge base of how to carry out these questions effectively in order to develop my skills in SFBT. Macdonald (2007, p. 15) advises that exception seeking questions are particularly useful when clients are feeling hopeless.I feel this was very relevant to my client as he was somewhat resistant to change initially. However, through the use of these questions my client identified small exceptions where he was able to control improve his low mood, which in turn improved his motivation and confidence in setting small tasks. In this instance, I used exception questions with the intention of demonstrating to the client that his low mood was not occurring all of the time. However, my client was vague and negative in his response. I intended to demonstrate previous enjoyment to the client by focusing on spending time with his family.I felt very inexperienced and incompetent when using this technique as I struggled initially to achieve my intentions. As a result, I felt very aware that I was being assessed by my mentor, which added to my anxieties. I felt frustrated that my client was unable to identify any positive aspects in his life, but began to relax when he described the pleasure he gains from spending time with his children. I felt positive and confident when my client became facially bright and was laughing when telling personal anecdotes.De Shazer & Dolan (2007) highlight the difference between previous solutions and exceptions, with exceptions being times when the problem could have occurred but did not. In hindsight, I feel I was searching for previous solutions rather than exceptions. Furthermore, they go to theorise that the rol e of the therapist to recognise opportunity for exceptions during the session rather than actively seek out opportunities to utilise this technique. Therefore, as a skilled therapist I should be seeking opportunities to amplify exceptions rather than explicitly questioning the client in this way.Due to my limited training in SFBT I felt like a novice and did not utilise the true nature of exception seeking questions. Following this reflection I am now more aware of the difference between previous solutions and exceptions that De Shazer & Dolan (2007) hypothesised, and how they can both influence the therapeutic intervention. As I gain experience and further develop my knowledge base of SFBT, I feel that I will be able to use exception questions when required rather than expectantly.In my future practice as a registered mental health nurse, I plan to utilise SFBT techniques with service users, particularly those experiencing relapse, as the use of these tools can provide immediate im provements and allows for a future focused approach rather than problem orientated. I must remain mindful of the barriers that exist in communication (Kiser, Piercy & Lipchink, 1993) and apply this when delivering SFBT techniques. However, De Shazer & Dolan (2007) theorise that scaling is a very effective tool for the client to verbalise their emotions.Therefore, this could be used in my future practice, particularly when building a therapeutic relationship with clients. In terms of current practice, I have effectively demonstrated the scaling technique within cognitive behavioural therapy; however, I am aware that these two therapies use the scale in different ways. To conclude, this assignment has allowed me to develop my knowledge of the key principals of SFBT, the practical applications, and the limitations of my inexperience when utilising SFBT assessment tools.I believe SFBT shares many fundamental assumptions with person centred therapy. The underpinning principals are apt fo r contemporary nursing, particularly as it fits wells with the Ten Essential Shared Capabilities (DoH, 2004). There are some limitations to this approach, such as lack of extensive research (Gingerich & Eisengart, 2000). However, I feel that this approach is appropriate to use with clients who are experiencing mental health difficulties.